en فیزیولوژی ورزشی Sport Physiology Research Article Research Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b>Background:</b> One of the causes of infertility is azoospermia. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of swimming exercise, cell therapy, and laser therapy on the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics in the testicular tissue of azoospermic rats.<br> <b>Methods:</b> In this experimental study, 40 rats (6-8-weeks old) were randomly assigned to 8 groups: 1) Healthy control, 2) patient, 3) sham, 4) laser, 5) exercise, 6) cell, 7) cell + laser, and 8) cell + exercise. The azoospermia model was induced using busulfan at a dose of 40 mg. Stem cells were transplanted once into the vas deferens at a concentration of 1000000 cells per rat. One week after cell transplantation, laser therapy was applied in three repetitions throughout the study period, with an interval of once a week, and after wound healing, the rats swam for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. To investigate the expression of the studied genes, tissue analysis was performed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.<br> <b>Results:</b> Azoospermia significantly reduced the expression of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) and significantly increased the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and muscle-specific RING finger protein 1 (Murf1) in testicular tissue. The use of interventional methods increased the expression of Mfn2, and significantly reduced the expression of Murf1.<br> <b>Conclusion</b>: Based on the findings, the best changes were observed in the exercise + laser group. Therefore, it can be said that in rats using the azoospermia model, the simultaneous use of regular exercise interventions and laser therapy is the most effective.</span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> Azoospermia, Exercise, Laser therapy, Mitochondrial dynamics, Stem cells 32 35 http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1189-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Amir Shapoori amirshapoori6@gmail.com 100319475328460028932 0009-0009-1235-9911 No Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad katoul, Iran Habib Asgharpour Dr.habibasgharpour@aliabadiau.ac.ir 100319475328460028933 100319475328460028933 Yes Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad katoul, Iran Parvin Farzanegi parvin.farzanegi@gmail.com 100319475328460028934 100319475328460028934 No Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran Neda Aghaei Bahman Beglou nedaaghaei@gmail.com 100319475328460028935 100319475328460028935 No Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad katoul, Iran