en بیوشیمی Biochemistry مروري Review Article <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:200%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:.55pt">The prevalence of hypothyroidism is much higher among women than in men. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Hypothyroidism is also one of the most prevalent thyroid disorders among women of reproductive age. The disease </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:.55pt">exerts its effect on female sex hormones by manipulating the production of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone that are crucial for the production of estrogen by the ovaries. Various studies demonstrated the adverse effect of overt hypothyroidism on ovulation, menstrual cycle, and fertility. This review surveys the adverse effects of hypothyroidism on fertility and pregnancy.</span></span></span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color:blue"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Hypothyroidism,Thyroid hormones,Women,Infertility,Pregnancy, 1 9 http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1052-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Akhtar Seifi Akhtarseifi@yahoo.Com 100319475328460022863 100319475328460022863 No Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Negarsadat Taheri Negar_taheri@yahoo.com 100319475328460022864 0862_7912_0001_0000 No Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hanieh Kia 100319475328460022865 100319475328460022865 No Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Science Institute, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA Hady Reza Mansourian hadyreza_mansourian@yahoo.com 100319475328460022866 100319475328460022866 No Department of Emergency, Hakim Jorjani Hospital, Gorgan, Iran Azad Reza Mansourian azad_r_mansourian@yahoo.com 100319475328460022867 100319475328460022867 Yes Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran