en فیزیولوژی ورزشی Sport Physiology تحقيقي Original Paper <strong>Background and objectives</strong>: Clinical evidence has demonstrated the important role of adiponectin in insulin signaling pathways in target tissue. The aim of this study was to determine effects of aerobic training on insulin sensitivity, glucose level, and adiponectin expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic rats.<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> Type 2 diabetes was induced in 14 male wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of nicotine amide and streptozotocin. The rats were randomly divided into an exercise group (n=7) and a control group (n=7). The rats in the exercise group performed aerobic training in from of treadmill running, five sessions a week, for 12 weeks. Subjects in the control group did not perform any training. Glucose level, insulin level, insulin sensitivity, and adiponectin expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue were determined at baseline and 48 hours after the lasting training session. Independent t-test was used for comparing the variables between the study groups.<br> <strong>Results</strong>: Aerobic training resulted in a significant increase in serum insulin (p=0.006), insulin sensitivity (p=0.003), and adiponectin expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (p=0.037) compared with the control group. In addition, the training caused a significant decrease in fasting glucose level compared with the control group (p<em><</em>0.001).<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on these findings, the decrease in blood glucose may be attributed to the improvement of adiponectin-dependent insulin signaling pathways in adipose tissue in response to aerobic training. However, more cellular-molecular studies are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for these changes. Aerobic training, Adiponectin expression, Insulin sensitivity, Type 2 diabetes 32 39 http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-956-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hossain Torabi 100319475328460023926 100319475328460023926 No Department of Exercise Physiology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran Mojtaba Eizadi izadimojtaba2006@yahoo.com 100319475328460023927 100319475328460023927 Yes Department of Exercise Physiology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran ALI Jalalvand 100319475328460023928 100319475328460023928 No Department of Sports Biomechanics, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran Ebrahim Zarrinkalam 100319475328460023929 100319475328460023929 No Department of Exercise Physiology, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran