en ویروس شناسی Virology مروري Review Article <div><strong>Background and Objectives:</strong> Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a virus of the <em>Retroviridae</em> family, which has infected more than 20 million people around the world. The study aimed to review the prevalence of HTLV infection in pregnant women.&nbsp;<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Methods: </strong>We searched various databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran and Irandoc using the following keywords: HTLV-1, HTLV-2, <em>Retroviridae</em>, pregnancy, prevalence, incidence, women and female. Abstracts, short/brief reports as well as original and review articles published on HTLV-1 and/or HTLV-2 infection during pregnancy until October 2018 were included in the study. <strong><span dir="RTL"></span></strong><br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Results:</strong> We found five articles from Iran and 14 articles from other parts of the world on the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women. Prevalence of HTLV-1 and or HTLV-2 was higher in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women in cities of Mashhad and Neyshabur, Razavi Khorasan Province (1.5 to 3.3 %), northeastern Iran, which are endemic areas of Iran for HTLV-1 infection. The incidence rate of HTLV-1 infection was 400-500 per 10,000 pregnant women in endemic areas of Japan. In Brazil, the rate of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women was estimated to be 1.05%.<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Conclusion:</strong> The prevalence of HTLV-1 varies among pregnant women depending on residence in endemic or non-endemic areas for HTLV-1. In endemic areas, it is recommended to perform routine screening for HTLV-1 infection in the general population, especially pregnant women.</div> Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1, mothers, prevalence, pregnancy 46 48 http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-789-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 zeinab nazari zinabnazari@yahoo.com 100319475328460017369 100319475328460017369 No Department of Gynecology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Javad Ghaffari javadneg@yahoo.com 100319475328460017370 100319475328460017370 Yes Pediatric infectious diseases research center, Mazandaran University of medical sciences, Sari, Iran Negar Ghaffari negarghaffari96@gmail.com 100319475328460017371 100319475328460017371 No Medical students, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.